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Dendrobium officinale can serve as Chinese medicinal material effective in nourishing yin, clearing heat, and producing fluid, and is used to treat throat diseases, but its active substances and mechanism are not clear. To clarify the active fraction and underlying mechanism of D. officinale against chronic pharyngitis(CP), the present study induced a CP model in rats by pepper water combined with low-concentration ammonia, and crude polysaccharides of D. officinale(DOP), non-polysaccharides of D. officinale(DON), and total extract of D. officinale(DOT)(0.33 g·kg~(-1), calculated according to the crude drug) were administered by gavage for six weeks. The changes in oral secretions and pharyngeal conditions of rats with CP were observed and rated. The hematological indicators were determined by an automatic hematology analyzer. The serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), and interleukin 6(IL-6), and T-lymphocyte cytokines, including interferon γ(IFN-γ), interleukin 4(IL-4), interleukin 17(IL-17), and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The proportions of CD3~+, CD4~+, and CD8~+cells in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were determined by the flow cytometry. The histomorphological changes of the pharynx were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The protein expression of nuclear factor-κB P65(NF-κB P65), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), F4/80, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) in the pharynx were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that DOP and DON could significantly relieve pharyngeal lesions, reduce white blood cells(WBC) and lymphocytes(LYMP), decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inhibit the protein expression of NF-κB P65, COX-2, F4/80, and MCP-1 in the pharynx. DOP was superior in reducing oral secretions and serum IL-17 level and inferior in increasing CD4~+/CD8~+ratio to DON. It is suggested that both polysaccharides and non-polysaccharides of D. officinale have anti-PC effects and the anti-inflammatory mechanism may be related to the regulation of T lymphocyte distribution and inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by NF-κB P65. The anti-inflammatory effect of DOP may be related to the regulation of Th17/Treg balance, while that of DON may be related to the regulation of the Th/Tc ratio.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Ammonia/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Dendrobium/chemistry , Interleukin-17/therapeutic use , Interleukin-6 , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Pharyngitis/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , WaterABSTRACT
Abstract Pharyngeal tuberculosis is an extrapulmonary form of this disease which makes up less than 1% of cases, most of which are secondary. In Peru, there are no case reports of this form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. We present the case of a 42-year-old man who consulted due to a two-month history of sore throat and a pharyngeal lump, with no epidemiological or medical history. A biopsy of the lesion and Ziehl-Neelsen staining yielded results compatible with pharyngeal tuberculosis. A chest x-ray showed bilateral miliary lesions, confirming a secondary form of disseminated tuberculosis. This highlights the importance of ruling out tuberculosis in all cases of chronic pharyngitis which are unresponsive to conventional treatment.
Resumen La tuberculosis faríngea es una forma extrapulmonar de esta enfermedad que corresponde a menos de 1% de casos, mayormente de carácter secundario. En Perú, no hay datos de reportes de casos en esta forma de tuberculosis extrapulmonar. Presentamos el caso de un varón de cuarenta y dos años que consultó por dolor de garganta y tumoración en faringe de dos meses de evolución, sin antecedentes epidemiológico o patológico. Se realiza biopsia de la lesión y coloración Ziehl Neelsen dando compatible a tuberculosis faríngea. En la radiografía de tórax se encontró lesiones pulmonares diseminadas bilaterales de tipo miliar, confirmando forma secundaria a tuberculosis diseminada. Por ello, se resalta la importancia de descartar tuberculosis ante toda faringitis crónica sin respuesta al tratamiento convencional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tuberculosis , Pharyngeal Diseases , Peru , Pharynx , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , PharyngitisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Qianlianquan (Extra) and eight confluent points on chronic pharyngitis.@*METHODS@#A total of 42 patients with chronic pharyngitis were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 21 cases in each one. In the observation group, acupuncture was applied at Qianlianquan (Extra) and eight confluent points [Neiguan (PC 6), Waiguan (TE 5), Lieque (LU 7), Houxi (SI 3), Gongsun (SP 4), Shenmai (BL 62), Zhaohai (KI 6) and Zulinqi (GB 41)], once a day, 6 days as one course, with an interval of 1 day between the courses, 4-course treatment was required. In the control group, granules were taken orally 5 g each time, 3 times a day, 7 days as one course and 4 courses were required. Before and after treatment, symptoms and signs scores of chronic pharyngitis and the contents of IL-2 and TNF-a in serum were compared in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, symptoms and signs scores of chronic pharyngitis and the contents of IL-2 and TNF-a in serum were improved in both groups (all <0.05), and the changes in the observation group were superior to the control group (all <0.05). The total effective rate was 90.5% (19/21) in the observation group, which was superior to 81.0% (17/21) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Qianlianquan (Extra) and eight confluent points on chronic pharyngitis is superior to conventional Chinese patent medication treatment by granules.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Pharyngitis , Therapeutics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Cough is one of the most common complaints of patients seeking medical attention. A number of patients attend our OPD for complaint of Sub acute cough lasting 3-8 weeks. Majority of such cough are due to Ear, Nose and Throat pathologies. This study aims to evaluate the Otorhinolaryngology causes of Cough in these patients. Inflammation of Sinuses (Acute/Sub-acute) and Gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder (Reflux) form a bulk of cases presenting with Sub-acute cough in community. Clinicians need to maintain a high degree of suspicion for these two most common entities in cough patients not responding to conventional line of management.
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Objective At present,there are relatively few studies on the application of pepsin in the diagnosis of laryngopha -ryngeal reflux disease(LPRD)in China.This paper aimed to evaluate the application value of Peptest in the diagnosis of LPRD by measuring saliva/sputum pepsin in patients with chronic pharyngitis. Methods From January to June 2017,35 patients with chronic pharyngitis treated in our department were selected to undertake electronic laryngoscopy and evaluated by reflux finding score(RFS) and reflux symptom index(RSI)scoring.The patients'saliva/sputum samples were collected three times for pepsin concentration de-tection(PEPTEST).The first collection was before mouthwash in the morning,the second was 1h after lunch,and the third was the time of evident symptoms.Comparative research was carried out on the above results. Results The average RSI score and RFS score were11.31±6.21 and 5.97±1.98.The pepsin content in morning saliva/sputum[26.80(0,109.80)ng/mL]was significantly lower than that at 1 h after lunch[89.00(16.0,254.8)ng/mL]and that at the time of obvious symptoms[105.70(34.3,254.8)ng/mL](P<0.05).The area under ROC of Peptest in the morning[0.759(0.602, 0.917)],1h after lunch[0.824(0.670,0.978)], at the time of ob-vious symptoms were all greater than the combination of RSI and RFS, representing significant statistical differences(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional method(a combination of RSI and RFS),Peptest has more important clinical value in the diag-nosis of LPRD.
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To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of lanqin oral liquid for the treatment of chronic pharyngitis. Databases including PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data were electronically searched in March 2017 for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on Lanqin oral liquid for the treatment of chronic pharyngitis. Two authors independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Thirteen RCTs were included with a total of 1 642 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that the efficiency of lanqin oral liquid were significantly higher than those of conventional therapy or other treatments; Besides, lanqin oral liquid could significantly increase the amount of IL-2 further more, lanqin oral liquid could significantly reduce the amount of TNF-α. Safety of lanqin oral liquid was not concerned by any RCT. Current evidence indicates that the efficiency of lanqin oral liquid was better than conventional therapy or other treatments. Due to the poor quality of the included studies, the above conclusion should be verified by more RCTs of high quality.
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Through reviewing ancient and modern literatures,the effect evolution and disease treatment changes of Belamcanda chinensis were understood.The pharmacological experiments were used to verify its main effects.The combination of featured advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern science and technology contributed to the promotion of TCM modernization.It had important significance for the development of effective components,selection of disease types in the treatment for research and development of new TCM drugs.The indication of Belamcanda chinensis was verified from textual research.The treatment of disease types by Belamcanda chinensis was verified from medical books.The treatment of disease types by Belamcanda chinensis compound was analyzed based on the Pujifang database management system.Main indications of Belamcanda chinensis were summarized.Modern pharmacological studies on anti-inflammatory mechanism of main components of Belamcanda chinensis were combined to screen animal models and investigation indexes for the preliminary verification of the efficacy of Belamcanda chinensis.The comprehensive application of classical herbal medicine books and prescription database analysis results showed that removing phlegm and relieving sore throat were the efficacy of Belamcanda chinensis,which was an important medicine in the treatment of pharyngitis and sore throat.In the modern research,serum of experimental group,IL-4 in throat tissues,as well as IgE and LTC4 level in serum and lung tissues were significantly reduced compared to the model group (P＜0.05).It was concluded that the treatment effect of Belamcanda chinensis extract to chronic pharyngitis may be through the decreasing of IgE level in serum and lung tissues,inhibiting IL-4 expression in serum and throat tissues,and the LTC4 expression in serum.
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Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of Liyanling granules on chronic pharyngitis. Methods:The chronic pharyn-gitis rat models were established, and administered orally for 7 days. The influence of Liyanling granules on the pathology of pharyngeal tissue and the contents of PGE2 , IL-1β and TNF-α were observed. The blood was withdrawn to detect the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity, and the anti-inflammatory effects were observed in two kinds of rat models:foot pad swelling induced by carrageenin and agar-induced chronic granuloma. Results:Liyanling granule could significantly decrease the levels of PGE2 , IL-1βand TNF-α( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01) and the viscosity of blood and plasma(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), improve the pathological morphology of rat pharynge-al tissues(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), inhibit the swelling of foot pad induced by carrageenin and the granuloma induced by agar in rats(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion:Liyanling granules has a certain therapeutic effect on chronic pharyngitis in rats, and the mecha-nism may be related with the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines PGE2 ,IL-1β and TNF-α and the improvement of blood rheology.
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Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and medicine for the treatment of chronic pharyngitis. Methods Sixty chronic pharyngitis patients were randomized into treatment group and control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with acupuncture mainly on acupoints of Zhaohai(KI6), Lieque(L7), Tiantu(CV22) , Lianquan(CV23), Tianrong(SI17) , Hegu(LI), Yuji (LU10) for nourishing yin to reduce fire and clearing throat. The supplementary acupoints were selected according to the symptoms and physical signs. Acupuncture was performed once a day and 6 times a week. The control group received western medical therapy including pharyngeal application with 1% iodine glycerin preparation and oral use of Cydiodine tablets, 3 times per day. Four weeks constituted one treatment course and the treatment for the two groups covered 2 courses. After treatment, the therapeutic effect was evaluated. The scores of the signs and s ymptoms as well as scores of chronic pharyngitis syndrome discomfort rating questionnaire(CPSDQ) evaluated by visual anal og scale(VAS) were observed. Results (1) The overall effective rate of the treatment group was 93.3%, higher than that of the control group(73.3%), and the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) After treatment, scores of the signs and symptoms and VAS for CPSDQ scores in the two groups were reduced as compared with those before treatment(all P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) .The improvement of the scores in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group(all P<0.05 or P<0.01).(3) During the treatment , needling-induced mild pain and bleeding occurred in the treatment group. No acupuncture syncope, stuck needles or allergic and toxic-side effect was shown in the two groups. Conclusion Acupuncture therapy can obviously relieve the symptoms, signs and discomfort in the patients with chronic pharyngitis, and the curative effect is superior to the drugs.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effect ofHaizao-Xiangsheng mixture on signs and symptoms, blood index and tissue pathology of rabbit models with chronic pharyngitis.Methods60 Japanese white rabbits by random grouping method were divided into normal control group, model group, positive control group andHaizao- Xiangsheng mixture with high, medium and low dose group, with 10 rats in each group. Except the normal control group, rabbits in other groups were performed spraying ammonia in pharyngeal portion and submucosal injection of turpentine oil preparation to create chronic pharyngitis models. TheHaizao- Xiangsheng mixture, high, medium and low dose group were treated withHaizao-Xiangsheng mixture of 42, 21, 10.5 g/kg, the positive control group was treated with watermelon frost Runhou tablet suspension 5.04 g/kg, the normal control group and model group were treated with the same volume of saline. Animal signs and symptoms were recorded daily (including general conditions and temperature). After continuous administration of 7 days, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), percentage of neutrophils (N%), the percentage of mononuclear cells (M%) and percentage of lymphocytes (L%) were detected to observe the histological change of pharyngeal mucosa and lower tissue pathology.ResultsAfter administration, compared with the model group, high dose group ofHaizao-Xiangsheng mixture rabbit body temperature dropped (38.90 ± 0.21℃ vs. 39.23 ± 0.39℃,P< 0.05), WBC (10.1 ×1012/L ± 1.73 ×1012/Lvs. 13.1 ×1012/L ± 1.69 ×1012/L) decreased, and RBC increased (5.73 ×109/L ± 0.59 ×109/Lvs.5.19 ×109/L ± 0.43 ×109/L,P<0.01).ConclusionsHaizao-Xiangsheng mixture can improve signs and symptoms, hematology indexes and histopathological changes of the experimental rabbit models of chronic pharyngitis.
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Objective To investigate the sore-throat-relieving, anti-inflammation and antitussive actions of Qingyan mixture on the animal models. Methods Sore-throat-relieving action of Qingyan mixture was observed in SD rats with acute pharyngitis induced by spray of ammonia water at volume fraction of 15%. Anti-inflammation action of Qingyan mixture was observed on mice model of xylene-induced ear edema, and antitussive action of Qingyan mixture was carried out in mice with cough induced by concentrated ammonia spray. Results (1) The results of sore-throat-relieving action of Qingyan mixture showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells did not happen in the blank control group, but moderate/severe inflammatory cell infiltration was shown in the model group. In the positive group, 4 rats had slight inflammatory cell infiltration while the left 6 rats had no inflammatory cell infiltration. Low-dose Qingyan mixture group had no inflammatory cell infiltration in one rat, and had slight infiltration in 9 rats. In middle-and high-dose Qingyan mixture groups, 4 rats had no infiltration and 6 had slight infiltration, inflammatory cell infiltration was markedly relieved ( P0.05). ( 2) The anti-inflammation rate was 69.8% in the positive control group, and was 27.3%, 60.4%, 60.0% in low-, middle- and high-dose Qingyan mixture groups respectively. The inhibitory effect of middle-and high-dose Qingyan mixture on xylene-induced mice ear edema was similar to that of the positive control group ( P>0.05) . ( 3) The cough-relieving rate was 42.6%, 139.0%, 64.3%, 104.0% in positive control group, and low-, middle-and high-dose Qingyan mixture groups respectively. Mice cough latent was obviously prolonged and cough frequency was decreased in the three Qingyan mixture groups, the differences being significant compared with the model group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Qingyan mixture has certain sore-throat-relieving, anti-inflammation and antitussive actions, which can be used for the treatment of patients with actue/chironic laryngitis and the complication of cough.
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[Objective] To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Yanyan Decoction on treating yin deficiency of lung and kidney chronic pharyngitis . [Methods] 120 cases of patients were randomly divided into treatment group(60 cases) which treated with Yanyan Decoction and control group(60 cases) which treated with Jinguo drink.[Results] The total effective power was 80.00% in the treatment group and 63.33% in the control group .Two groups of patients total effective rates had difference of statistical meaning .[Conclusion] The effect of Yanyan Decoction in the treatment of yin deficiency of lung and kidney chronic pharyngitis is significant,it is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Objective To explore the clinical effects of treating chronic pharyngitis with point application of Chinese medicinal bread.. Methods Retrospective analysis was adopted in the study. All patients were divided into a point application group (212 cases)and a dissolved medicine group (174 cases). The point application group was treated with point application of Chinese medicinal bread on Tiantu point for successive 4 therapeutic courses (one therapeutic course constitutes 10 days), while the dissolved medicine group was taken pharyngitis dissolved medicines orally for successive 6 therapeutic courses (one course constitutes 6 days). Results The total therapeutic effect of the point application group and the dissolved medicine group was 99.06% and 93.68% respectively. The difference between the two groups has statistical significance. Conclusion Point application of Chinese medicinal bread on Tiantu point is effective in treating chronic pharyngitis.
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Chronic pharyngitis is a common disease,there's dispute in its treatments. It expounds the availability of moxibustion on chronic pharyngitis and puts forwards the doubt of efficacy of inducing fire to the origin of TDP magic lamp and moxibusiton from aspects of mechanism and present treatments.
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Objective To explore the correlation of TCM syndrome patterns of chronic pharyngitis(CP)with etiological factors.Methods A questionnaire investigation was carried out in 102 CP patients,of which 30 were differentiated as lung-kidney yin deficiency,30 as spleen-stomach deficiency,30 as phlegm coagulation and blood stasis,and 12 as spleen-kidney yang deficiency.The dietary hobbies,living and working environment,systemic diseases and living habits of the patients were recorded.Meanwhile,parameters of the pharyngeal microorganism and immunology were detected.Results The results of nonparametric test showed significant difference between the age and the mean disease course of the four syndrome patterns(P0.05). There existed significant difference between indulging in spicy food,indulging in cold and raw food,and staying up at night in the four syndromes (P0.05).The distribution of the four syndromes was different in the population with medical history of tonsillitis,dental caries,chronic cough,chronic gastritis and chronic colitis(P0.05).Conclusion The syndrome patterns of chronic pharyngitis are correlated with age,disease course,dietary habits of indulging in spicy food and cold-raw food,living habit of staying up at night,systemic disease or disease of organs around the throat,but are not correlated with sex,household registration,job,working and living environment,indulging in frying food,hobbies of smoking and drinking,living habits,emotional factors,throat swab culture results and immune parameters.